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Leonese (''llionés''), in the narrow sense of this article, is a set of certain vernacular Romance dialects that are spoken in northern and western portions of the historical region of León in Spain (modern provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca), and in a few adjoining areas in Portugal. In this narrow sense, Leonese is different from the dialects grouped under Asturian,〔Krüger, Fritz (2006): Estudio fonético-histórico de los dialectos españoles occidentales. Zamora: CSIC/Diputación de Zamora. p. 13〕 though there is no clear division in purely linguistic terms. The current number of speakers of Leonese is estimated between about 20,000 and 50,000.〔〔〔García Gil (2008), page 12 : 20,000-25,000〕 The westernmost fringes of the provinces of León and Zamora belong to the territory of the Galician language, though there is dialectal continuity between both linguistic areas. The Leonese and Asturian dialects have long been recognized as constituting a single language, which is currently called Astur-Leonese (or ''Asturian-Leonese'', etc.) by most scholars, but which formerly was termed just ''Leonese''. For most of the 20th century, linguists (eminent among them Ramón Menéndez Pidal in his landmark 1906 study of the language) spoke of a ''Leonese'' language or historical dialect descending from Latin, encompassing two groups: the Asturian dialects on the one hand, and on the other hand, certain dialects spoken in León and Zamora provinces in Spain, plus a related dialect in Trás-os-Montes, Portugal.〔〔Marcos, Ángel/Serra, Pedro (1999): Historia de la literatura portuguesa. Salamanca: Luso-Española. p. 9〕〔Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1906): El dialecto leonés〕 Among the Leonese dialects are (from south to north) Mirandese of Miranda do Douro in Portugal, Senabrés, Cabreirés, and Pal.luezu; other Leonese dialects are indicated on the map of dialects below. Nowadays, Mirandese is generally discussed separately from the remaining dialects of Leonese since it is not spoken in Spain. Toponyms and other vocabulary related to Asturian-Leonese show that its linguistic traits had a larger geographical extension in the past, including eastern parts of the León and Zamora provinces, the Salamanca province, Cantabria, Extremadura, and even the Huelva province. Unlike Asturian, the Leonese dialects do not enjoy official institutional promotion or regulation. == Name == Menéndez Pidal used the name ''Leonese'' for the whole linguistic area, including Asturias. In recent times, this designation has been replaced among scholars of Ibero-Romance with ''Asturian-Leonese''. But ''Leonese'' is still often used to denote Asturian-Leonese by persons who are not speakers of Asturian or Mirandese.〔〔Morala Rodríguez, Jose Ramón. "El leonés en el siglo XXI (un romance milenario ante el reto de su normalización)", Instituto De La Lengua Castellano Y Leones, 2009. ISBN 978-84-936383-8-2〕 The Dictionary of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language defines ''Astur-Leonese'' as a term of linguistic classification: ''the Romance dialect originating in Asturias and in the ancient Kingdom of León as a result of the local evolution of Latin'', while it defines ''Leonese'' in geographical terms: ''the variety of Spanish spoken in Leonese territory''. The reference to ''Leonese'' made in article 5.2 of the Statute of Autonomy of Castile and León has the former, broader denotation.〔(''Diario de León'' newspaper. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leonese dialect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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